71.040.40 (Chemical analysis) 标准查询与下载

ASTM E2958-14 采用因子跳跃/调制热重法测定动力参数的标准试验方法

5.1 The activation energy may be used to calculate thermal endurance and an estimate of the lifetime of the material at specified temperatures using Test Method E1877. 5.2 The kinetic parameters determine by this test method may be used in quality assurance, research and development. 5.3 The kinetic parameters of activation energy and logarithm of the pre-exponential factor determined by this method have little intrinsic value in themselves. Most practical applications of this information, such as lifetime estimation (see Test Method E1877), also require an estimation of the precision of the respective values. Determination of that precision by replicated determination is a non-manditory part of this standard. 1.1 These test methods describe the model-free determination of Arrhenius activation energy by thermogravimetry using the factor jump (1)2 (Method A) or modulated thermogravimetry (2) (Method B) techniques. With the assumption of a first-order kinetic model, the pre-exponential factor is additionally determined. 1.2 These test methods are applicable to materials with well-defined decomposition profiles, namely, a smooth, continuous mass change. 1.3 These test methods are applicable to decomposition occurring in the range from 400 K to 1200 K (nominally 100°C to 900°C). The temperature range may be extended depending on the instrumentation and material used. 1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard. 1.5 There is no ISO standard similar to this standard. 1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Test Methods for Kinetic Parameters by Factor Jump/Modulated Thermogravimetry

ASTM E2326-14 查封药品分析员的教育和培训的标准实施规程

3.1 These are minimum standards applicable to those performing seized-drug analyses. 3.2 These standards are intended to apply to any laboratory analyst who: 3.2.1 Examines and analyzes seized drugs or related materials, or directs such examinations to be done; 3.2.2 Independently has access to unsealed evidence in order to remove samples from evidence for examination; and 3.2.3 As a consequence of such examinations, signs reports for court or investigative purposes. 1.1 This practice describes prerequisite formal education, training, and continuing professional development for those performing seized-drug analysis. It also describes the kinds of professional documents (for example, texts, manuals, or journals) that should be present in laboratories where analysis of seized drugs is conducted. 1.2 This practice does not replace knowledge, skill, ability, experience, education or training and should be used in conjunction with professional judgment. 1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Practice for Education and Training of Seized-Drug Analysts

ASTM E1641-13 使用Ozawa/Flynn/Wall方法的热重分析法的分解动力学用标准试验方法

5.1 Thermogravimetry provides a rapid method for determining the temperature-decomposition profile of a material. 5.2 This test method can be used for estimating lifetimes of materials, using Test Method E1877 provided that a relationship has been established between the thermal endurance test results and actual lifetime tests. 1.1 This test method describes the determination of the kinetic parameters, Arrhenius activation energy, and preexponential factor by thermogravimetry, based on the assumption that the decomposition obeys first-order kineticsusing the Ozawa/Flynn/Wall isoconversional method (1).2 1.2 This test method is generally applicable to materials with well-defined decomposition profiles, namely, a smooth, continuous mass change with a single maximum rate. 1.3 This test method is normally applicable to decomposition occurring in the range from 400 to 1300K (nominally 100 to 1000°C). The temperature range may be extended depending on the instrumentation used. 1.4 This method is similar to ISO8201;11358-2 but differs in its mathematical treatment. 1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard. 1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Test Method for Decomposition Kinetics by Thermogravimetry Using the Ozawa/Flynn/Wall Method

ASTM F307-13 气体分析用压缩气体取样的标准实施规程

1.1 This practice describes procedures for obtaining a sample of pressurized gas for gas analysis from a system or component. 1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. 1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For hazard statement, see Section 6.

Standard Practice for Sampling Pressurized Gas for Gas Analysis

ASTM D6143-13 双酚A (4,4-二酚基丙烷) 中铁含量的标准试验方法

5.1 Iron may increase the color of bisphenol A and affect other properties of end-use products. 5.2 High purity bisphenol A typically has less than 1 mg/kg of iron. 1.1 This test method covers the procedure to determine the iron content of bisphenol A (4,4′-isopropylidenediphenol). 1.2 This test method has a lower detection limit of 0.1 mg/kg, and an upper limit of 10 mg/kg of iron in bisphenol A. If the iron content is higher, it may be necessary to dilute the sample. A longer path length cell can also be used for better accuracy at lower Fe levels, as well as calibration within the range expected (for example, 0 to 1 mg/kg versus 0 to 10 mg/kg for samples expected to be in the 0 to 1 mg/kg range. 1.3 In determining the conformance of the test results using this method to applicable specifications, results shall be rounded off in accordance with the rounding-off method of Practice E29. 1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard. 1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limits prior to use. For a specific hazard statement, see Section 9.

Standard Test Method for Iron Content of Bisphenol A (4,4prime; - Isopropylidenediphenol)

ASTM E1877-13 计算自热解重量分解数据所得材料耐热性的标准实施规程

5.1 Thermogravimetry provides a rapid method for the determination of the temperature-decomposition profile of a material. 5.2 This practice is useful for quality control, specification acceptance, and research. 5.3 This test method is intended to provide an accelerated thermal endurance estimation in a fraction of the time require for oven-aging tests. The primary product of this test method is the thermal index (temperature) for a selected estimated thermal endurance (time) as derived from material decomposition. 5.4 Alternatively, the estimated thermal endurance (time) of a material may be estimated from a selected thermal index (temperature). 5.5 Additionally, the estimated thermal endurance of a material at selected failure time and temperature may be estimated when compared to a reference value for thermal endurance and thermal index obtained from electrical or mechanical oven aging tests. 5.6 This practice shall not be used for product lifetime predications unless a correlation between test results and actual lifetime has been demonstrated. In many cases, multiple mechanisms occur during the decomposition of a material, with one mechanism dominating over one temperature range, and a different mechanism dominating in a different temperature range. Users of this practice are cautioned to demonstrate for their system that any temperature extrapolations are technically sound. 1.1 This practice describes the determination of thermal endurance, thermal index, and relative thermal index for organic materials using the Arrhenius activation energy generated by thermogravimetry. 1.2 This practice is generally applicable to materials with a well-defined thermal decomposition profile, namely a smooth, continuous mass change. 1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard. 1.4 There is no ISO standard equivalent to this practice. 1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Practice for Calculating Thermal Endurance of Materials from Thermogravimetric Decomposition Data

ASTM E2551-13 和热重分析仪一起使用的湿度发生器湿度校正 (或构型) 的标准试验方法

5.1 This test method calibrates or demonstrates conformity of the humidity level in a purge gas generated by a humidity generator at a fixed temperature. Such calibration or demonstration of conformity may be required by quality initiatives. 5.2 Conformance demonstrates that the humidified purge gas is within some established limits. 5.3 Calibration provides an offset and or slope value that may be used for establishing the relative humidity scale of the apparatus. 1.1 This test method describes the humidity calibration (or conformance) of humidity generators for use with thermogravimetric analyzers and other thermal analysis apparatus. The humidity range covered is 5 to 958201;% relative humidity (% RH) and the temperature range is 0 to 80°C. 1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard. 1.3 There are no ISO equivalents to this standard. 1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Test Method for Humidity Calibration (or Conformation) of Humidity Generators for Use with Thermogravimetric Analyzers

ASTM D6839-13 采用气相色谱法的火花点火发动机燃料中烃类类型, 氧饱和化合物及苯的标准试验方法

5.1 A knowledge of spark-ignition engine fuel composition is useful for regulatory compliance, process control, and quality assurance. 5.2 The quantitative determination of olefins and other hydrocarbon types in spark-ignition engine fuels is required to comply with government regulations. 5.3 This test method is not applicable to M85 fuels, which contain 858201;% methanol. 1.1 This test method covers the quantitative determination of saturates, olefins, aromatics, and oxygenates in spark-ignition engine fuels by multidimensional gas chromatography. Each hydrocarbon type can be reported either by carbon number (see Note 1) or as a total.Note 1—There can be an overlap between the C9 and C10 aromatics; however, the total is accurate. Isopropyl benzene is resolved from the C8 aromatics and is included with the other C9 aromatics. 1.2 This test method is not intended to determine individual hydrocarbon components except benzene. 1.3 This test method is divided into two parts, Part A and Part B. 1.3.1 Part A is applicable to automotive motor gasoline for which precision (Table8201;9) has been obtained for total volume fraction of aromatics of up to 50 %; a total volume fraction of olefins from about 1.5 % up to 30 %; a volume fraction of oxygenates, from 0.8 % up to 15 %; a total mass fraction of oxygen from about 1.5 % to about 3.7 %; and a volume fraction of benzene of up to 2 %. Although this test method can be used to determine higher-olefin contents of up to 50 % volume fraction, the precision for olefins was tested only in the range from about 1.5 % volume fraction to about 30 % volume fraction. The method has also been tested for an ether content up to 22% volume fraction but no precision data has been determined. 1.3.1.1 This test method is specifically developed for the analysis of automotive motor gasoline that contains oxygenates, but it also applies to other hydrocarbon streams having similar boiling ranges, such as naphthas and reformates. 1.3.2 Part B describes the procedure for the analysis of oxygenated groups (ethanol, methanol, ethers, C3 to C5 alcohols) in ethanol fuels containing an ethanol volume fraction between 50 % and 85 % (17 to 298201;% oxygen). The gasoline is diluted with an oxygenate-free component to lower the ethanol content to a value below 20 % before the analysis by GC. The diluting solvent should not be considered in the integration, this makes it possible to report the results of the undiluted sample after normalization to 100 % 1.4 Oxygenates as specified in Test Method D4815 have been verified not to interfere with hydrocarbons. Within the round robin sample set, the following oxygenates have been tested: MTBE, ethanol, ETBE, TAME, iso-propanol, isobutanol, tert-butanol and methanol. The derived precision data for methanol do not comply with the ......

Standard Test Method for Hydrocarbon Types, Oxygenated Compounds, and Benzene in Spark Ignition Engine Fuels by Gas Chromatography

ASTM D6348-12e1 通过可提取的直接界面傅里叶转换红外度 (FTIR) 谱仪对气态化合物进行测定的标准试验方法

5.1 The FTIR measurements provide for multicomponent on-site analysis of source effluent. 5.2 This test method provides the volume concentration of detected analytes. Converting the volume concentration to a mass emission rate using a particular compound's molecular weight, and the effluent volumetric flow rate, temperature and pressure is useful for determining the impact of that compound to the atmosphere. 5.3 Known concentrations of target analytes are spiked into the effluent to evaluate the sampling and analytical system's effectiveness for transport and quantification of the target analytes, and to ensure that the data collected are meaningful. 5.4 The FTIR measurement data are used to evaluate process conditions, emissions control devices, and for determining compliance with emission standards or other applicable permits. 5.5 Data quality objectives for each specific testing program must be specified and outlined in a test plan (Annex A1). Supporting data are available from ASTM Headquarters Request RR:D22-1027. 1.1 This field test method employs an extractive sampling system to direct stationary source effluent to an FTIR spectrometer for the identification and quantification of gaseous compounds. Concentration results are provided. This test method is potentially applicable for the determination of compounds that (1) have sufficient vapor pressure to be transported to the FTIR spectrometer and (2) absorb a sufficient amount of infrared radiation to be detected. 1.2 This field test method provides near real time analysis of extracted gas samples from stationary sources. Gas streams with high moisture content may require conditioning to minimize the excessive spectral absorption features imposed by water vapor. 1.3 This field test method requires the preparation of a source specific field test plan. The test plan must include the following: (1) the identification of the specific target analytes (2) the known analytical interferents specific to the test facility source effluent (3) the test data quality necessary to meet the specific test requirements and (4) the results obtained from the laboratory testing (see Annex A1 for test plan requirements). 1.4 The FTIR instrument range should be sufficient to measure from high ppm(v) to ppb(v) and may be extended to higher or lower concentrations using any or all of the following procedures: 1.4.1 The gas ......

Standard Test Method for Determination of Gaseous Compounds by Extractive Direct Interface Fourier Transform Infrared 40;FTIR41; Spectroscopy

ASTM D6854-12a 硅石吸油值的标准试验方法

4.1 The DBP absorption number of a silica is related to the processing and vulcanizate properties of rubber compounds containing the silica. 1.1 This test method covers the determination of the n-dibutyl phthalate (DBP) absorption number of silica. 1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only. 1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Test Method for Silica-Oil Absorption Number

ASTM E2882-12 秘密毒品实验室证据分析用标准指南

1.1 This guide is intended to be used in conjunction with the general requirements for the analysis of seized drugs (Practices E2326, E2327, E2329, and E2549; Guides E2548 and E2329). This guide provides guidance on the chemical analysis of items and samples related to suspected clandestine drug laboratories. It does not address scene attendance or scene processing. This document provides general guidance for the analysis of clandestine laboratory evidence and is not a substitute for detailed and validated laboratory policies and technical procedures. 1.2 This guide does not replace knowledge, skill, ability, experience, education, or training and should be used in conjunction with professional judgment.

Standard Guide for Analysis of Clandestine Drug Laboratory Evidence

ASTM E1601-12 开展实验室间研究以评估分析方法性能的标准实施规程

5.1 Ideally, interlaboratory testing of a method is conducted by a randomly chosen group of laboratories that typifies the kind of laboratory that is likely to use the method. In actuality, this ideal is only approximated by the laboratories that are available and willing to undertake the test work. The coordinator of the program must ensure that every participating laboratory has appropriate facilities and personnel and performs the method exactly as written. If this goal is achieved, the statistics developed during the ILS will be adequate for determining if the method is capable of producing satisfactory precision in actual use. If the program includes certified reference materials, the test data also provide information concerning the accuracy of the method. The statistics provide a general guide to the expected performance of the method. 1.1 This practice covers procedures and statistics for an interlaboratory study (ILS) of the performance of an analytical method. The study provides statistical values which are useful in determining if a method is satisfactory for the purposes for which it was developed. These statistical values may be incorporated in the method's precision and bias section. This practice discusses the meaning of the statistics and what users of analytical methods may learn from them. 1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to Evaluate the Performance of an Analytical Method

ASTM D5544-11 高纯度水蒸发后残留物在线测量的标准试验方法

Even so-called high-purity water will contain contaminants. While not always present, these contaminants may contribute one or more of the following: dissolved active ionic substances such as calcium, magnesium, sodium, potassium, manganese, ammonium, bicarbonates, sulfates, nitrates, chloride and fluoride ions, ferric and ferrous ions, and silicates; dissolved organic substances such as pesticides, herbicides, plasticizers, styrene monomers, deionization resin material; and colloidal suspensions such as silica. While this test method facilitates the monitoring of these contaminants in high-purity water, in real time, with one instrument, this test method is not capable of identifying the various sources of residue contamination or detecting dissolved gases or suspended particles. This test method is calibrated using weighed amounts of an artificial contaminant (potassium chloride). The density of potassium chloride is reasonably typical of contaminants found in high-purity water; however, the response of this test method is clearly based on a response to potassium chloride. The response to actual contaminants found in high-purity water may differ from the test method''s calibration. This test method is not different from many other analytical test methods in this respect. Together with other monitoring methods, this test method is useful for diagnosing sources of RAE in ultra-pure water systems. In particular, this test method can be used to detect leakages such as colloidal silica breakthrough from the effluent of a primary anion or mixed-bed deionizer. In addition, this test method has been used to measure the rinse-up time for new liquid filters and has been adapted for batch-type sampling (this adaptation is not described in this test method). Obtaining an immediate indication of contamination in high-purity water has significance to those industries using high-purity water for manufacturing components; production can be halted immediately to correct a contamination problem. The emerging nano-particle technology industry will also benefit from this information.1.1 This test method covers the determination of dissolved organic and inorganic matter and colloidal material found in high-purity water used in the semiconductor, and related industries. This material is referred to as residue after evaporation (RAE). The range of the test method is from 0.001 μg/L(ppb) to 60 μg/L (ppb). 1.2 This test method uses a continuous, real time monitoring technique to measure the concentration of RAE. A pressurized sample of high-purity water is supplied to the test method''s apparatus continuously through ultra-clean fittings and tubing. Contaminants from the atmosphere are therefore prevented from entering the sample. General information on the test method and a literature review on the continuous measurement of RAE has been published. 1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only. 1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific hazards statements, see Section 8.

Standard Test Method for On-Line Measurement of Residue After Evaporation of High-Purity Water

ASTM D4638-11 无机化学分析用的生物样品制备的标准指南

The chemical analysis of biological material, collected from such locations as streams, rivers, lakes, and oceans can provide information of environmental significance. The chemical analysis of biological material used in toxicity tests may be useful to better interpret the toxicological results. Many aquatic biological samples, either as a result of their size, or their method of collection, are inherently heterogeneous in that they may contain occluded water in varying and unpredictable amounts and may contain foreign objects or material (for example, sediment) not ordinarily intended for analysis, the inclusion of which would result in inaccurate analysis. Standard methods for separating foreign objects, to facilitate homogenization, will minimize errors due to poor mixing and inclusion of extraneous material. Standardized procedures for drying provide a means for reporting analytical values to a common dry weight basis, if desired. Analyses may also be carried out or reported on a wet weight basis.1.1 This guide describes procedures for the preparation of test samples collected from such locations as streams, rivers, ponds, lakes, estuaries, oceans, and toxicity tests and is applicable to such organisms as plankton, mollusks, fish, and plants. 1.2 The procedures are applicable to the determination of volatile, semivolatile, and nonvolatile inorganic constituents of biological materials. Analyses may be carried out or reported on either a dry or wet basis. 1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard. 1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For a specific hazard statement, see 9.3.3.

Standard Guide for Preparation of Biological Samples for Inorganic Chemical Analysis

ASTM D6956-11 化学分析测量系统提供分析结果是否与他们预期用途一致的证明和评定标准指南

This guide is intended for use by both generators and users of analytical results. It is intended to promote consistent demonstration and documentation of the quality of the measurement results and facilitate determination of the validity of measurements for their intended use. This guide specifies documentation that a laboratory should supply with the analytical results to establish that the resulting measurements: (1) meet measurement quality requirements; (2) are suitable for their intended use; and (3) are technically defensible. While the guide describes information that the measurement results provider needs to give the user/decision maker, in order for measurement providers to supply data users with appropriate data, information is needed from the data user. Examples of information that the user should provide to the laboratory, in addition to the analytes of concern (including the form of the analyte that is to be determined, for example, total lead, dissolved lead, organic lead, inorganic lead), include but are not limited to: Type of material (that is, matrixfresh or salt water, coal fly ash, sandy loam soil, wastewater treatment sludge), Maximum sample holding time, Projected sampling date and delivery date to the laboratory, Method of chemical preservation (for example, not preserved, chemical used), Chain-of-custody requirements, if any, Analytical methods that must be used, if any, Measurement quality requirements expressed as DQOs or MQOs and action limits, Allowable interferences as described in 10.4, Documentation requirement, and Subcontracting restrictions/requirements. Users/decision makers should consult with the laboratory about these issues during the analytical design stage. This will allow the design of sample collection process and project schedule to accommodate the laboratory activities necessary to determine the desired level of measurement quality. The number of samples, budgets, and schedules should also be discussed.1.1 This guide describes an approach for demonstrating the quality of analytical chemical measurement results from the application of a measurement system (that is, method or sequence of methods) to the analysis of environmental samples of soil, water, air, or waste. The purpose of such measurements can include demonstrating compliance with a regulatory limit, determining whether a site is contaminated above some specified level, or determining treatment process efficacy. 1.2 This guide describes a procedure that can be used to assess a measurement system used to generate analytical results for a specific purpose. Users and reviewers of the analytical results can determine, with a known level of confidence, if they meet the quality requirements and are suitable for the intended use. 1.3 This protocol does not address the general components of laboratory quality systems necessary to ensure the overall quality of laboratory operations. For such systems, the user is referred to International Standards Organization (ISO) Standard 17025 or the National Environmental Laboratory Accreditation Conference (NELAC) laboratory accreditation standards. 1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard. 1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory requirements prior to use.

Standard Guide for Demonstrating and Assessing Whether a Chemical Analytical Measurement System Provides Analytical Results Consistent with Their Intended Use

ASTM D4739-11 电势滴定法测定碱值的标准试验方法

New and used petroleum products can contain basic constituents that are present as additives. The relative amount of these materials can be determined by titration with acids. The base number is a measure of the amount of basic substances in the oil always under the conditions of the test. It is sometimes used as a measure of lubricant degradation in service. However, any condemning limit shall be empirically established. 5.2 As stated in 1.2, this test method uses a weaker acid to titrate the base than Test Method D2896, and the titration solvents are also different. Test Method D2896 uses a stronger acid and a more polar solvent system than Test Method D4739. As a result, Test Method D2896 will titrate salts of weak acids (soaps), basic salts of polyacidic bases, and weak alkaline salts of some metals. They do not protect the oil from acidic components due to the degradation of the oil. This test method may produce a falsely exaggerated base number. Test Method D4739 will probably not titrate these weak bases but, if so, will titrate them to a lesser degree of completion. It measures only the basic components of the additive package that neutralizes acids. On the other hand, if the additive package contains weak basic components that do not play a role in neutralizing the acidic components of the degrading oil, then the Test Method D4739 result may be falsely understated. 5.3 Particular care is required in the interpretation of the base number of new and used lubricants. 5.3.1 When the base number of the new oil is required as an expression of its manufactured quality, Test Method D2896 is preferred, since it is known to titrate weak bases that this test method may or may not titrate reliably. 5.3.2 When the base number of in-service or at-term oil is required, this test method is preferred because in many cases, especially for internal combustion engine oils, weakly basic degradation products are possible. Test Method D2896 will titrate these, thus giving a false value of essential basicity. This test method may or may not titrate these weak acids. 5.3.3 When the loss of base number value, as the oils proceed in service, is the consideration, this test method is to be preferred and all values including the unused oil shall be determined by this test method. Base numbers obtained by this test method shall not be related to base numbers obtained by another test method such as Test Method D2896. 5.3.4 In ASTM Interlaboratory Crosscheck Programs for both new and used lubricants, historically Test Method D2896 gives a higher value for base number.1.1 This test method covers a procedure for the determination of basic constituents in petroleum products and new and used lubricants. This test method resolves these constituents into groups having weak-base and strong-base ionization properties, provided the dissociation constants of the more strongly basic compounds are at least 1000 times than that of the next weaker groups. This test method covers base numbers up to 250. 1.2 In new and used lubricants, the constituents that can be considered to have basic properties are primarily organic and inorganic bases, including amino compounds. This test method uses hydrochloric acid as the titrant, whereas Test Method

Standard Test Method for Base Number Determination by Potentiometric Hydrochloric Acid Titration

ASTM D5984-11 利用显色指示剂滴定法测试新的和已用过的润滑剂碱值的半定量现场试验法的标准试验方法

New and used petroleum products can contain basic constituents that are present as additives or as degradation products formed during service. The amount of these additives in an oil can be determined by titrating against an acid. The base number is a measure of the amount of basic substance in the oil, always under the conditions of the test. A decrease in base number is often used as a measure of lubricant degradation, but any condemning limits must be empirically established. This test method uses reagents that are considered less hazardous than most reagents used in alternate base number methods. It uses pre-packaged reagents to facilitate base number determinations in the field where scientific equipment is unavailable and quick results are at a premium. Note 18212;Results obtained by this test method3 are similar to those obtained by Test Method D 2896. 1.1 This test method covers a procedure for determining the basic constituents in petroleum products in the field or laboratory using a pre-packaged test kit. The test uses a micro-titration resulting in a visual end point facilitated by a color indicator.1.1.1 This test method covers base numbers from 0 to 20. It can be extended to higher ranges by diluting the sample or by using a smaller sample size; however, the precision data were obtained for base numbers up to 20.1.2 This test method can be used to indicate relative changes that occur in an oil during use under oxidizing conditions. Although the test is performed under closely specified conditions with standardized reagents, the test method does not measure an absolute basic property that can be used to predict performance of an oil under service conditions. No general relationship between bearing corrosion and base number is known.1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only. This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Test Method for Semi-Quantitative Field Test Method for Base Number in New and Used Lubricants by Color-Indicator Titration

ASTM E1877-11 利用热解重量分解数据计算材料热稳定性的标准操作规程

Thermogravimetry provides a rapid method for the determination of the temperature-decomposition profile of a material. This practice is useful for quality control, specification acceptance, and research. This practice shall not be used for product lifetime predications unless a correlation between test results and actual lifetime has been demonstrated. In many cases, multiple mechanisms occur during the decomposition of a material, with one mechanism dominating over one temperature range, and a different mechanism dominating in a different temperature range. Users of this practice are cautioned to demonstrate for their system that any temperature extrapolations are technically sound.1.1 This practice covers additional treatment of the Arrhenius activation energy data determined by Test Method E1641 to develop a thermal endurance curve and derive a relative thermal index for materials. 1.2 This practice is generally applicable to materials with a well-defined decomposition profile, namely a smooth, continuous mass change with a single maximum rate. 1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard. 1.4 There is no ISO standard equivalent to this practice. 1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Practice for Calculating Thermal Endurance of Materials from Thermogravimetric Decomposition Data

ASTM E1601-10 评价分析法性能的实验室间研究用标准操作规程

Ideally, interlaboratory testing of a method is conducted by a randomly chosen group of laboratories that typifies the kind of laboratory that is likely to use the method. In actuality, this ideal is only approximated by the laboratories that are available and willing to undertake the test work. The coordinator of the program must ensure that every participating laboratory has appropriate facilities and personnel and performs the method exactly as written. If this goal is achieved, the statistics developed during the ILS will be adequate for determining if the method is capable of producing satisfactory precision in actual use. If the program includes certified reference materials, the test data also provide information concerning the accuracy of the method. The statistics provide a general guide to the expected performance of the method.1.1 This practice covers procedures and statistics for an interlaboratory study (ILS) of the performance of an analytical method. The study provides statistical values which are useful in determining if a method is satisfactory for the purposes for which it was developed. These statistical values may be incorporated in the method's precision and bias section. This practice discusses the meaning of the statistics and what users of analytical methods may learn from them. 1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to Evaluate the Performance of an Analytical Method

ASTM E1868-10(2015) 用热重分析法测定干燥损耗的标准试验方法

5.1 These test methods are used to estimate the amount of volatile materials present in a material. 5.2 These test methods are useful for design purposes, service evaluation, regulatory statutes, manufacturing control, quality control, specification acceptance, development, and research. 5.3 The results obtained by these test methods may be equivalent to those obtained by other test methods and may be known by other terms in their respective fields. Other tests and terms encountered include loss-on-heating (see Footnote 5 and Test Methods D6, D2288, and E359); heating loss (see Test Method D1509); evaporative loss (see Test Method D2595); volatile organic carbon, moisture, or water (see Test Methods D2216 and D3175); volatility (see Test Method D4893); highly volatile matter (see Test Method E897); and volatile content (see Guide D2832). 1.1 These test methods describe a procedure for determining the amount of volatile matter of any kind that is driven off from a test specimen under a specific set of temperature and time conditions. These test methods determine only the mass of material lost, not its identity. 1.2 These test methods are applicable to a wide variety of solid or liquid materials, mixtures, or blends where the major component is stable at the test temperature. Note 1: These test methods can be applied to the analysis of volatile organic compounds (VOC) content in metalworking fluids and direct contact lubricants subject to South Coast Air Quality Management District (SCAQMD) Rule8201;1144. 1.3 The applicable temperature range for these test methods are generally between ambient temperature and 1000°C. 1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard. 1.5 There is no ISO method equivalent to this test standard. 1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Test Methods for Loss-On-Drying by Thermogravimetry